Although Tolkien is best known for his formative influence on the modern fantasy genre through The Lord of the Rings (though we here at the Silmarillion Writers' Guild clearly think the rest of the legendarium is pretty special too!), his impact on the field of Anglo-Saxon studies was just as noteworthy. His 1936 lecture "Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics" transformed how the Old English poem Beowulf was read and understood by scholars. It is cited even today in Beowulf scholarship and included in many contemporary volumes of Beowulf criticism for its foundational role in how the field would evolve over the next eight-plus decades.

But for all its importance, "Monsters and the Critics" doesn't tend to be included in volumes of Tolkien's popular works—not entirely unexpected, given that it is an academic (though highly accessible) lecture-turned-essay. In this month's A Sense of History column, Simon J. Cook gives "Monsters" its due as a work that reveals something of how a people looks back in history and finds they have forgotten what they know.

"Monsters" includes one of my favorite passages from all of Tolkien's writing: an extended metaphor about a man who constructs a tower from old ruins and endures the scrutiny and scorn of his compatriots who wonder why he'd do such a thing—"But from the top of that tower the man had been able to look out upon the sea." Simon makes the case that the sea in this metaphor is the forgotten knowledge of the Anglo-Saxon people: just what lies beyond the shoreless sea alluded to in Beowulf, giving the poem its tone "both poignant and remote" and "weighted with regret."

Of course, fans of Tolkien's work—especially his First Age writings—identify this same sense of nostalgic loss for a distant, partially glimpsed past. And so we see Beleriand in Beowulf.

You can read Simon J. Cook's column "Beleriand in Beowulf" here.

(On the subject of Tolkien's inspirations, be sure to check out our new challenge Dip the Ladle, and remember that you can reply to this email to request a prompt.)

In July 2021, the Tolkien Society held a seminar on the theme "Tolkien and Diversity." The seminar emerged in the days leading up to the release of Amazon's Rings of Power series, when the series' diverse casting choices were at the forefront of discussion among Tolkien fans, leading "Tolkien and Diversity" to become the best-attended seminar to date.

But the issues raised in the seminar had existed for decades. Tolkien fans have been discussing race, gender, sexuality, and disability and Tolkien for nearly as long as there has been a fandom, and with the first translations of The Lord of the Rings appearing in the late 1950s and early 1960s, the legendarium became an international fandom very early in its publication history.

In our most recent Read & Review column, Shadow reviews the recently released proceedings of the 2021 seminar, Tolkien and Diversity. They find that the proceedings coalesce around two major themes: cultural diversity and the international fandom, and the representation of marginalized identities in the legendarium and fandom. Providing a brief synopsis of each paper included in the proceedings, Shadow's review can help you decide if Tolkien and Diversity is a worthwhile addition to your Tolkien bookshelf.

You can read Shadow's review of Tolkien and Diversity here.

They is something primordial and terrifying about creatures that howl in the night. Few of us in the modern world have the opportunity to hear wolf howls anymore, but I still remember well the creeping cold that passed over me that first time I heard coyotes hunting in the dark. The chilling sound of marauding predator's voices taps into a deep, primitive urge to hide someplace warm and preferably near a fire.

In writing this month's character, Tolkien drew from those deep wells of human memory and the folklore they gave rise to. As Narya's biography of him reveals, Draugluin is an early character in the legendarium (though in a much different and less forbidding form!) who evolved into a wolf with a brief but important role: the "lord of werewolves" who challenged Huan, was defeated, and unwittingly provided Beren's disguise when sneaking into Angband.

Although myths and folklore involving wolves loom large in Western literature—from the Norse wolf Fenrir the fairy-tale Big Bad Wolf to the naturalistic writings of authors like Jack London—nearly every continent has its wolf-stories, dating back to the Mesopotamians and Ancient Egyptians. Narya taps into some of these old stories and how connections with Draugluin can deepen our understanding of his character. At the same time, Tolkien rejected some popular wolf-lore in constructing his own wolfish characters, proving—as he would write in On Fairy-stories—that he did "not dip in the ladle blindly." And, as Narya concludes, Tolkien's construction of Draugluin ultimately supports key themes present throughout his work.

You can read the biography of Draugluin here.

In 1966, Tolkien received a letter from a fan for about a sequel to The Lord of the Rings that the fan planned to write. His response is preserved in Letter 292 to Joy Hill: "I suppose," he wrote, "that since one cannot claim property in inventing proper names, that there is no legal obstacle to this young ass publishing his sequel ...."

This quote is often held up as a counterpoint to the more famous "other minds and hands" passage from Letter 131 to Milton Waldman, which many fans have taken to presume Tolkien's support for fanworks. What always strikes me is how he assumed this "sequel" (i.e., fanfiction) was permissible—probably because he was doing that same kind of writing himself.

Tolkien was a fanfiction writer. Of course, that term would never have been applied to him; its modern use didn't come into being until Tolkien was deceased. But he did respond to the medieval texts he worked with as a scholar by writing his own versions and gapfillers in the same way that fanfiction writers respond to his work today.

The most recent posthumously published volume of Tolkien's work, The Battle of Maldon, contains an example of this. While the collection itself contains multiple texts, including Tolkien's prose translation of The Battle of Maldon and a lecture transcript about Old English poetry, it also contains The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm's Son, a verse play that considers the aftermath of the Battle of Maldon. In other words: a fanfiction.

In our most recent Read & Review column, Narya reviews The Battle of Maldon. She provides an overview of what you can expect from each section of the book and offers advice for fans of Tolkien's Middle-earth as to whether the book is worth their investment of time and money. If you're thinking of purchasing the book (or if you're interested in Tolkien's scholarly work ... or his fanfiction), you can find Narya's "Review of The Battle of Maldon" here.

For at least several years now, the oldest Tolkien fanfic was identified as George Heap's Departure in Peace. Published in 1960 in the fanzine I Palantir—itself credited as the first Tolkien-only fanzine—this is a clear and obvious fanfic, described in the editor's introduction to the zine as a "fictional narrative."

Recently, in one of those serendipitous collisions, SWG member and newsletter contributor Lindariel was researching the fiber hithlain used in making the Elven ropes described in LotR. She found a blog post by the scholar Douglas A. Anderson that mentioned a fanzine "article" about hithlain and was able to hunt it down at the library.

And it was fanfiction.

A Study of the Hithlain of the Wood-elves of Lórien by Arthur R. Weir is contemporaneous with "Departure in Peace"—in fact, it was published in the same issue of I Palantir. Like Heap's story, Weir's is published online via Marquette University's FellowsHub fanzine archiving project, so it is not obscure; one doesn't have to be as diligent as Lindariel was, in other words, to find and read it. So why did it go unnoticed as a fanfic for so long?

This month's Cultus Dispatches takes a look at these two old fanfiction stories. The analysis hinges on the concepts of "transformational" and "affirmational" fandom, with Heap's obviously an example of the former: It poses an alternate history of the Ring War, with Sauron the embattled and self-sacrificing defender of Mortals against colonialist oppressors. But Weir's story is more affirmationally oriented, full of textual citations, extensive notes, and structured like a research paper—likely why it went unnoticed as fanfiction ... until a fanfiction writer picked it up.

You can read the article "Affirmational Fandom, Transformational Fandom, and Two Old Tolkien Fanfics" here.

Also note that we started a new challenge this past week: our annual Matryoshka challenge, this year with prompts based around mystery novel tropes. Check out A Secret Gate here and remember that you can simply hit Reply to this email to request a prompt set.

The Organization for Transformative Works (OTW) is currently being discussed and critiqued in some fannish circles for how the organization is governed and has handled important concerns, such as harassment and volunteer safety. Governance! Policy! Bureaucracy! These are not words that fill most people with excitement. However, in light of the discussions raised about the OTW, it seems important to consider questions of how we, the Silmarillion Writers' Guild, are governed. We will also work to get this information permanently and more readily available on our website in the coming weeks.

Our leadership: Dawn Felagund (Hi! That's me! I'm writing this!) founded the SWG in 2005 and has remained at the helm of the group since. That means I (Dawn) do have ultimate decision-making power. However, my preference is to always make decisions in collaboration with my co-moderators and the members we serve.

SWG policies, how to interpret them, and issues with or raised by members are discussed collaboratively among the SWG moderators. This applies to both our website and our socials, including Discord. When making decisions, we generally go for a majority rule, though we may suspend this in time-sensitive situations. For example, if a moderator needs to address a non-urgent issue with a member, she may run the message she plans to send past other mods who are online at the time. If this is time-sensitive and we want to reply to members as quickly as possible, responses from a few mods giving the go-ahead (or suggesting changes) would green-light the response. In urgent situations, moderators act with their best judgment to respond immediately as needed.

Member involvement: The SWG is not a democracy because we do not hold formal elections and there are matters that are not open to change (either for practical or philosophical reasons) no matter how strong the support for them. However, we do try to involve member input on matters that are important to them or where we believe that member input will strengthen the end product. For example, we recently held an open discussion period about our AI policy because we knew this was a controversial issue and wanted to make sure our policy reflected our values as a group. Furthermore, we knew that our members would be able to contribute insights that we, as moderators, did not have.

We also have two formal member groups for assisting with the SWG: our inclusivity focus group and our newsletter focus group. Our Volunteers page has more information on both.

Finances: The SWG is not expensive to run. Our current costs are $255.74 per year, which includes our hosting fees, domain registrations for our primary domain and test site, and extra spam protection for our site email account. I (Dawn) have paid all site costs for the entirety of its existence. We do not fundraise, and I do not accept donations. Multiple moderators have access to the account that includes both billing and the web server so that if I'm hit by a meteorite, operations of the site can continue.

Contacting Us: You can reach all of the site mods via email at moderator@silmarillionwritersguild.org or via our contact form. This is the best way to get the fastest response, and we aim to answer all communications within twenty-four hours. You can also contact individual mods via the contact form on their user page on the SWG site or by DMing them on social media used by the SWG. However, be aware that individual mods may not be able to respond within twenty-four hours or may be away or on hiatus.

If you have questions or want to get more involved by volunteering with the SWG, hit Reply on this email and let me know

"[T]he story of Húrin, Túrin, and the dragon Glaurung remains 'a favorite tale among Men,'" writes Melesta in this month's biography of Húrin, "and I would dare say a favorite of Tolkien himself."

This "favorite tale," as Melesta documents, is one of Tolkien's oldest. Many of our character biographies document how a character evolves over the decades and myriad drafts Tolkien wrote in constructing the text that Christopher Tolkien would one day publish as The Silmarillion. Húrin, unlike many of the other early characters, is "an essential and constant thread of the tapestry of the First Age," with essential elements of his story in place from very early in the writing of the legendarium and remaining so.

But Melesta also highlights that, in Húrin, we see the first glimmers of the kind of larger-than-life heroism that would distinguish Tolkien's Third Age writings—namely The Lord of the Rings, of course—from the drearier First and Second Age materials. Yet, of course, Húrin's story comes to a tragic end, making him a fitting part of the "Silmarillion" story while also hinting at the rise of Mortals that would offer such hope later in the tales.

It is the very larger-than-life quality that requires that Húrin's story is best discussed across multiple months, so this month's biography covers the early years of Húrin's life: the making of a hero. So for this month, we can pretend to be a LotR site and enjoy Húrin's defiant hope and role model-worthy heroics before heading back to the tragic  culmination of his story. You can read "Part One: The Making of a Hero" of Húrin's biography here.

Cultus Dispatches is our monthly fandom studies column, and as a part of this column, we collect fan memories and perspectives in our Fandom Voices project, present those responses, and include some light analysis. For the past two months, the topic has been canon. This month's article focuses on how canon is used by fanworks creators.

Chances are, if you're reading this newsletter, you are a fanworks creator or at least keep company with them from time to time. Even among the creators who cheerfully ignore Tolkien's canon and do their own thing, canon tends to be an issue that can't be ignored. Historically, canon has been a topic taken Very Seriously within the Tolkien fandom and especially the fanworks community, where after all, we are using that canon for our various creative purposes. In early Tolkien fandom, "canon" was often analogized as "the sandbox" where creators played.

What are the rules of the sandbox? How tall can you build your castle? How much sand can you use? Can you toss about the sand? Throw it at other fans? Throw it at Tolkien??

This two-month Fandom Voices foray into the question of canon has often raised just as many questions (and complexities) as it has answered or settled. But if any single conclusion emerges from this month's responses about creating fanworks, it is that Tolkien fanworks creators really do value the sandbox. Even when they use the sand in ways they know was not intended, they often do so with knowledge of how that impacts the creative work they are producing based on the legendarium.

You can read Part Two of our Fandom Voices series on canon, "Using Canon in Fanworks" here.

For many of us, animals are an important part of our lives. Stories and art throughout time reflect the unbreakable bond between human and animal, whether the anthropomorphic gods of ancient myth, the animal guides of folkloric traditions, or the animal heroes found in modern movies.

Arda is likewise populated by all sorts of creatures, some pivotal to the stories and others inferred. This month's challenge presents prompts as a "bestiary" of some of Arda's animals. We've selected public-domain images, modern music, and traditional songs that feature animals and invite our creators to choose one (or more!) of these prompts and use it to make fanworks. You can find this month's Bestiary of Arda prompts here.

This is a good opportunity to remind our would-be challenge participants that our challenges remain open to all Silmarillion-based fanworks, and we encourage creative interpretations of challenges and prompts. For this challenge, for example, while the prompt may be animal-based, your fanwork doesn't have to mention animals at all. And if the critters in our collection aren't inspiring any fanworks, you can use any aspect of the prompt: the title, the music video, the background in an image. Our complete challenge guidelines can be found here, but if it's Silmarillion-based and permissible on our site, chances are that you're good.

We hope this month's prompts inspire a herd (a flock? a pride? a murder?) of new Silmarillion-based fanworks!